Simple Present Tense

For habitual action use simple present tense.
if it is positive:
S + V + O
else:
S+ aV + V + O

ea:
Berto kills dogs.
Berto does not kill dogs.


For 3rd person singular add "s" or "es" to the main verb or auxillary verb if negative.
He kills dogs.
He does not kill dogs.

3rd person singular are:
Subjective case: He, She, and It.
Objective case: Him, Her, It.
Possessive case: His, Her/Hers, Its.

Serial Comma

It is also known as the Oxford comma. It is the comma that precedes a conjunction before the final item in the list. It usually comes before "and".

Arjay's girlfriends are Ann, Jenny, and Martha.

Exemption to the rule is when the "and" is irrelevant.

Arjay's girlfriend's are Anna and Margarita, Jenny and Julie, Carla and Dianne.

Coordinating Conjucntion

To add grammatically equal or similar clause together use coordinating conjunction .

The formula for that is:
(S+V+O) +, CC + (S+V+O)

Coordinating conjunction always come between the words or clause they join together.
It is almost always proper to put a "," before the coordinating conjunction except if the clause is short or well-balanced.
ea:
Berto wants to kill a dog, yet he does not want to kill his own dog.
Berto wants to kill a dog so he can eat it.

There are 7 coordinating conjunctions and you might want to use a mnemonic.
FANBOYS

• for
• and
• nor
• but
• or
• yet
• so

Active Voice v. Passive Voice

Always use active voice.

The formula to construct is: S + V + O.
Meaning you start with the subject then the verb then the object (if there is any).

Berto kills the dog.
The subject here is berto, the verb is kills and the object is a dog.

If it is a passive voice it would be:
The dog was killed by Berto.
The action is performed on the subject.

Remeber this if there is "by" in the sentence it means it is on passive voice mode.
You always ask by whom if it is in the end or unknown it is probably passive.

Exemption to the rule is:

1. The subject is unknown.
2. The subject is irrelevant.
3. You want to be vague about the subject.
4. You want emphasis on the object.